β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) 

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ，as a precursor to NAD+, primarily functions through NAD+ in the body. By elevating intracellular NAD+ levels, NMN participates in and optimizes various biological processes including energy generation, DNA repair, and gene expression regulation. This leads to a range of health benefits such as anti-aging, longevity promotion, improved metabolism, cardiovascular maintenance, neural protection, and enhanced muscle function.